Market-size

External economies

Large population

Scarcity of resources

There are unlimited supplies of labour and capital

Underdeveloped countries impose ceiling on their rates of growth

Expansion takes place simultaneously on several routes

Supplies of capital and labour are fixed

Different fields of growth at a natural rate

Different parts of the economic growth in harmonious manner

Equal increase in resources allocated

Equal percentage growth in output

W.G. Hoffmann

Hirschman

Ragnar Nurkse

Hans Singer

J.H. Boeke

J. Robinson

N. Kaldor

G. Myrdal

4.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

The supply of labour at the subsistence wage is greater than the demand for labour

The economy adopts only labour intensive techniques of production

Infinite labour is available at whatever wage determined by the market

None of the above

Full employment in the economy

Perfect competition in commodity and factor markets

Factor payment equal their marginal revenue productivity

A capital-output ratio

Supplement the domestic savings of developing nations

Prevent the absolute gap between rich and poor nations from widening further

All of the above

Arthuer Lewis

David Ricardo

Cairncross

G. Myrdal