HST Social Science: Online Study Materials-Pedagogic Analysis

Need, Significance and Principles.

Pedagogy

• ✸ Pedagogy is the science of teaching. It is the scientific and artistic planning of instruction for a formal situation. Primarily, pedagogy explains effective teaching methods and strategies. Effective teachers may make use of many teaching strategies (pedagogic approaches) in the classroom because there is no single, universal approach. A method may not be suitable for all contents or all situations.
• ✸ The word pedagogy is derived from two Greek words paidagogos or paidagogia, in which paida means ‘child’ and gogos means ‘lead.’ Paidagogos literally means ‘to lead the child’ or ‘to guide the child’.

Pedagogical approaches

• Pedagogical approaches are different based on its characters.

Teacher-Centred Pedagogy:

• Teacher designs the pedagogic transactions. Teacher is the hero in this approach. Teacher-centred pedagogy positions the teacher at the centre of the learning process. The methods may be lecture, rote memorization, and the like in this approach. This approach is often criticized, especially when students complete only lower-order tasks and are afraid of the teacher.

Learner-Centred Pedagogy:

• It is giving importance to student centered methods like constructivist, participatory, activity oriented etc. Learners are given an active role in the learning process. The teacher facilitates this process, but also creates and structures the conditions for learning.

Learning-Centred Pedagogy:

• “Learning-centred pedagogy” gives importance to the learners’ place, region, culture and local resources. It is the typical form of culturally relevant pedagogy.

Pedagogic Analysis

• ➤ Pedagogic analysis means analysing the teaching content (the content to teach) with pedagogic vision. Pedagogic analysis is the selection of appropriate objectives and strategies in instructional situations to access the appropriate teaching to transact a content. It is the comprehensive vision of required tasks, strategies for realization of specific goals that facilitates effective teaching. It is also explained that Pedagogic Analysis is the logical and systematically carried out breaking up of the teaching content (content to teach) from the point of view of a pedagogue (teacher) for the purpose of effective transaction.
• ➤ Pedagogical analysis is related to the methodology or process of instruction. It focuses on the teaching aspect instead of the effective learning. The word analysis stands for the process of breaking or separating a thing into its smaller parts, elements or constituents.

Pedagogic analysis is essential because;

• ✸ Pedagogic analysis gives exact perception on what to teach
• ✸ Assures effective methods of teaching
• ✸ Giving support for effective teaching
• ✸ Assures learners participation in the teaching process
• ✸ Assures effective evaluation and follow up
• ✸ Assures psychological support to the teaching contexts
• ✸ It is essential for effective teaching
• ✸ It assures carrying out smooth teaching
• ✸ It assures better teaching and better learning outcomes.

Pedagogic analysis is for effective teaching. Effective teaching includes:

• ➤ Appropriate selection of content to teach
• ➤ Formation of instructional/educational objectives
• ➤ Utilization of appropriate methods and strategies
• ➤ Assuring learning participation throughout the teaching process.
• ➤ Utilization of appropriate learning materials/ aids
• ➤ Utilization of appropriate evaluation techniques

So pedagogic analysis assures all the essential components of effective teaching. That is the importance of pedagogic analysis.

Stages and steps in pedagogic analysis

There are different interpretations on the steps in pedagogic analysis of a teaching content. The famous pedagogic steps by Herbert are known as Herbartian steps. These five steps include:

• a. Preparation
• b. Presentation
• c. Association
• d. Generalization
• e. Application

According to Herbart pedagogic analysis is the assumptions by a teacher with a specific set of abilities with a deliberate end goal in mind.

Generally, stages in the pedagogic analysis include devind the contents to different particles. They are;

• 1. Content Analysis (analysis of the content to be taught
• 2. Instructional/curricular objective formulation
• 3. Selection of teaching methods/strategies
• 4. Selection of supports/teaching learning aids
• 5. Selection of appropriate evaluation device
• 6. Election of follow up for further learning

Pedagogic analysis needs the following steps:

• ❖Selection of the content
• ❖Do content analysis (Find out concepts from the teaching contents, Find the facts to teach from the content, Find important terms, years, names and so on
• ❖Elucidate suitable appropriate teaching learning aids
• ❖Elucidate suitable teaching methods and strategies
• ❖Elucidate suitable evaluation approaches
• ❖Prepare instructional objectives
• ❖Prepare learning out comes
• ❖Plan the teaching (lesson plan)

Pedagogic analysis is followed by content analysis. Pedagogical analysis is essential for effective teaching and it is the best psychological and pedagogical move by a teacher in the teaching process.