Income and population

Productivity and income

Saving and capital

Investment and technology

By reducing its incremental capital

By reducing domestic consumption

By obtaining more foreign aid

All of the above

Only I

Only II

I and II

All the three

Is subjective and does not supplant the need for linear programming and input-output analysis

Accounts for all the interconnections in the economies including externalities

Overcomes all of the weaknesses of marginal productivity theory

Is not different from marginal productivity theory

It highlights the efficiency of the price system to signal out the desirable direction of investment

International trade cannot itself obviate the need for ‘big-push’ altogether

It is concerned with imported market in under- developed countries

It is primarily a theory of investment

Capital-intensive because they will lead to greater saving and investment in the future

Labour-intensive because they will stimulate consumer demand 

Capital-intensive because this is the only way the economy can become competitive internationally

Labour-intensive because they will help the working class

Schumpeter 

Rosenstein-Rodan

Nurkse

Hirschman

Rosenstein-Rodan

W.A. Lewis

H. Leibenstein

JH. Boeke

The importance of exports for a developing country

An estimate of the difference between private and social costs and benefits

The marginal per capita reinvestment quota

None of the above

To grow rapidly

To train labour and absorb it into high paying jobs

For reasons of security and national pride

All of the above